Soil Conservation

Once the vegetation cover has been removed, the soil will be exposed to wind, rain and other elements which leads to the gradual washing away of the top soil (that is, erosion). This causes soil degradation; soil degradation is the fall in the soil quality. Soil degradation is also caused by bush burning, overgrazing, excessive use of fertilizers or manure and unsustainable farming practices.

Soil erosion is a typical example of soil degradation.

The following are ways to prevent soil degradation:

1. Planting of trees because trees serves as windbreaks to prevent soil from being blown away by wind and also to prevent desertification;
2. Good farming practices such as contour ploughing to reduce run off and loss of topsoil;
3. Crop-rotation and planting of cover crops should be adopted so as to ensure availability of soil nutrients;
4. Bushing burning should be discouraged as it causes inactivity of essential soil microbes and death of essential soil organism like earthworms, termites;
5. Avoid indiscriminate felling of trees (deforestation);
6. Avoid soil pollution by oil spillage, excessive inorganic fertilizer and other industrial wastes.

Forest Conservation

Forest provide environmental, social and economic benefits to us but, despite this, inborn forest around us are still under threat from logging, clearing for agricultural, construction and industrial purposes.

Bush burning (top) and deforestation (bottom) are the killers of our forest and its resources.

We need to appreciate the importance of forest and preserve it. Therefore, the method of conserving forest are as follow:

1. Encouraging afforestation and planting of trees;
2. Establishment of forest reserves;
3. Discouraging deforestation;
4. Law should be made against discriminate falling of forest trees;
5. Appreciate its importance and enlightened others about the value of forest.

Water Conservation

One of the basic unit of life is water for there's no living organism that can survive in its absence. The methods of conserving this indispensable resources are:

1. Prevention of water pollution
2. Rational use of ground water such as water from well, borehole;
3. Repair of burst pipe and leakage;
4. Treatment and recycling of used water.

Wildlife Conservation

Elephants; an example of wildlife.

These are animals that live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.
The method of preserving wildlife are:

1. Establishment of game reserve;
2. Prohibition of discriminate killing or poaching of wild animals;
3. Prohibition of deforestation and encouragement of afforestation;
4. Preventing of water pollution to prevent the destruction of aquatic life;
5. Appreciating their importance and creating awareness on the values of wildlife

Conservation of Mineral Resources

This is the only non-renewable resources on our list. But its used has to be properly controlled because once they are exhausted, they can't be replaced. And some of them takes thousands to millions of years to build up.

The methods of conserving mineral resources are:

1. Recycling of metal using metal scraps;
2. Reduce wastage in the process of mining;
3. Over-dependance on a particular mineral resources should be discouraged;
4. Used of improved technologies to allow the use of low-grade ores at low costs.

Coal is an example of mineral resources (fossil fuel) used to power train engines.

Air Conservation

This is another important resources for survival of both plant and animals as it contains oxygen O₂ and carbon dioxide CO₂.

Methods of conserving air includes:

1. Encourage afforestation because plants gives out oxygen during photosynthesis;
2. Prevent air pollution by industries;
3. Regular car service to prevent air pollution;
4. Preventing bush burning
5. Burning of waste inside incinerator to prevent air pollution

Wind energy is not only great alternative to fossil fuel but also a cleaner source of energy.